نشریه آینده پژوهی مدیریت
سال هفدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 67، زمستان 1384)

It was a long time that human kind was waiting for 21st century and it has brought us a great deal of problems more than previous time and these days we can hardly find stable organization more over, the priorities are going to change so it is obvious that we should adapt ourselves to accept new technology and competitive efforts and it is necessary to know more about our status in order to make a reasonable attempt in our normal business days and we should be able to predict the outcome in future. Therefore, we should have a brilliant strategy to achieve to these goals in the exact period according to our plan. In this due, without a doubt there was a great need to obtain comprehensive performance assistance which is evaluated according to the organization’s strategies. In 1992 the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) was presented by Kaplan and Norton. This new method says that some custom’s methods like (ROI) are not complete approaches to present the organization’s function. BSC is analyzing procedures in learning and growth, internal, customer and financial perspective which is represented the most departments of the organization. BSC is paying attention to financial and not financial goals, quality and quantity and clarify what we have done in the past and what we should do in the future. In this project first: The BSC models have designed in 8 steps according to strategy of one sample company then the relation between four perspective have tested. The major assumptions are as bellows:1- There is a meaningful connection between training and internal perspective.
2- There is a meaningful connection between internal perspective and customer’s satisfaction.
3- There is a meaningful connection between customer’s satisfaction and profit In conclusion, the project presented that there were meaningful connections between training and internal perspective, internal perspective and customer’s satisfaction, customer’s satisfaction and profit of the organization.

This research proposes a mathematical programming model for measurement of the relative efficiency of Iranian industries. Four inputs and three outputs were used to estimate the performance of 9 Kind of industries for the period between 1358 and 1377. The statistical and theoretical data of the study approves that our proposed model can be employed as reliable and valid pattern. The result implies that any of 9 kind of industries is not to be preferred to each other. On the other word; there is not any meaningful differences among this industries by considering the relative efficiency.

Ongoing development of knowledge and technology in the ultra modern world and its spreading in developing countries obliged these countries a long-term investment for training the qualified and capable students who could strengthen the scientific aspects for our country and motivate for scientific and technologic advancement. Whereas reaching this goal is the purpose of the ruling organizations of each country, the precision of commission and the accommodation of operation with this ideal are very significant, accuracy and authenticity of this purpose would be just possible by "Essay", "Assay" and "Evaluation". Therefore, researcher must studying the evaluation problem in educational system moreover investigate the values after high school and entering to the higher education, would search for achieving an ideal pattern in assay and optimum selection of capable and susceptible students for entrance to higher educational course. To gain this goal, certain facts should be kept in mind, such as; assigning the principle component in students’ election, presenting an appropriate pattern and describe the structure as a strategic treatments in improving the students’ election system. Researcher by applying the review of respective literature and comparative study of selected countries as Japan, USA, Australia, England and French according to the descriptive-survey method has codified a model consist of four basic components (Philosophy, Objects, Executive process, Evaluation and Feedback) and some subordinate components. The codifying model include a questionnaire, a measure of 7 Likert Degree, was considered by authorities and experts for evaluation. The statistical sample for questionnaire of studying the suggested model was considered by Faculty members of universities, Managers and Experts of National Organization for Educational Testing, Managers and Experts of Minister of Education (n=50). Most important results obtained of questionnaire performance show authorities and experts confirmation with above agreement (average 5.91 of 7) from suggested model. Thus, the member of statistical model completely confirmed and accepted model of philosophy (90%), objective of model (80%), executive process (80%), evaluation and feedback (90%). Finally, some recommendations and suggestions were presented for implementing the students’ admission model in country.

Aim of this research is evaluation of “Diffusion of Innovations Theory” in relation with Electronics consumer's adoption. To do so, a population of Iranian TV-set manufacturers is studied. Five major companies, holding 95% of market share have been chosen. Selection of main variables has been based on a categorization by the Ministry of Mine and Industry in three groups of products (14", 21" and 29" TV-sets). Due to the confidential nature of data and to facilitate generalizing and deducing, all data have been coded. Tests and analyses relating to research hypothesis have been lead to this conclusion that distribution curve of Diffusion of Innovations in Electronic Industry (TV-sets), like the global pattern, does follow the normal curve. But categorizing various types of adopters does not follow a global pattern; distribution beneath the curve (Adopters Classifications) shows following record:- Lack of innovators is observed.
- Early adopters and laggards mark a level higher than normal.
- Early majorities and late majorities show a level lower than the normal limit.

Use of "Information and Communication Technology" encompass all aspects of The Living and coincide with other sections, In the Higher education also created amazing Evolution. Many scientist agree in this area that Universities should be not only as "Think Tank and Social development center", that Indrawn and integration Technology in to Universities, But also to be pioneer in Technology innovation. This agenda need to have Frameworks and Models that shows relationship between dimensions ofICT and acting as guidance for doing. Very efforts were accomplished that Conceptualizing Use of ICT in Education and Higher Education adhoc, and explain role of these Technologies. But not Represented Framework that Institutionalized Integration of ICT in Universities. The aim of this study is represent same Framework. For this point, I identify dimensions of ICT in Universities by investigate of theorical foundation and Research Background, and categorized this dimensions in to The five categories as Independent Variables that each level contained Several clusters of variables. Also, it was investigated which approaches are emerging with Respect to the used of ICT in Universities. These approaches were depend variables which have Two levels: Now and Future. It Seeks to Answer for Study questions. For this object, It is designed Questionnaire that it is contained 47 questions and 201 statement. Then, account questionnaire reliability and validity and gathered data of 410 samples (Include: 60Managers, 180 Faculty and 170 University staff). This Data is Analyzed by Statistical Methods Such as; One Samples t Test, Paired Samples t Test, ANOVA, Factor Analysis and Regression. Conclusions showed that each Five Categories variables are important in use of ICT in University Management. However, for Institutionalization ICT in University Management, First need to exactly identified approaches then identified variables That Will Have an Influence on this approach, and better explain it changes. In finally step, this variables Involved in planning for development of ICT in Universities. Finally, In Terms of analysis, provided a Conceptual Framework for Institutionalizing use of ICT in University Management. In This Framework each category of variables predicts next category, and all variables predicts university approaches for Use of ICT.

For finding effective factors on implementation of tax policies, approved by parliament, first, in consideration to theory bases, researcher fined 36 variables. Based on these variables, a questionnaire with 167 questions was provided. In consideration with 233 tax rules, 350 auditors and chief auditors of Tax Organization of Tehran (sample size), implementing tax rules, answered the questions. Using of Varimax method of Factor Analysis, 167 questions was formed 12 factors: 1) transparency of tax rules and policies, 2) organizational leadership and attention to community culture and participation in policy making, 3) social – political conditions and people support, 4) importance of implementing organization for other organizations and constitutions, 5) commitment of implementing organizations and their management to policy implementation, 6) attitude of personnel of implementing organization, 7) cooperation and consentience climate in organization, 8) tendency and motivation of personnel of implementing organization, 9) diversity of taxpayers and dependent organizations, 10) time limitation and guaranty of implementation, 11) economic conditions, and 12) knowledge of personnel of implementing organization. Variance of these factors was 49/7.